The Beer Family

 

Pils is lager

To understand Pils, Ale and Lager, you first have to look at the family tree. In the world of beer, there are two main "kingdoms": Ales and Lagers.

Source: USA Beer Ratings


The Fundamental Difference: Yeast

The distinction between an Ale and a Lager comes down to the microscopic behavior of the yeast during fermentation.

  • Ales (Top-Fermenting): Use Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast thrives at warmer temperatures (60–75°F) and gathers at the top of the tank. The warmth causes the yeast to produce esters, which give ales their fruity, spicy, or robust aromas.

  • Lagers (Bottom-Fermenting): Use Saccharomyces pastorianus. This yeast likes it cold (35–55°F) and sinks to the bottom. Because it works slowly in the cold, it produces fewer byproducts, leading to a "cleaner" taste where the malt and hops shine without fruity interference.


Comparison at a Glance

FeatureAleLagerPilsner (A specific Lager)
FermentationWarm & Fast (1–2 weeks)Cold & Slow (3–8 weeks)Cold & Slow
Yeast PositionTopBottomBottom
Flavor ProfileRobust, fruity, complexClean, crisp, mellowSnappy, hoppy, dry
Common StylesIPA, Stout, Pale Ale, Wheat
e.g. Blue Moon, Guinness, Sierra Nevada Pale Ale
Helles, Bock, Dunkel
e.g. Corona, Budweiser, Heineken are pale lager.
German Pils, Czech Pils
e.g. Stella Artois

Why is a Pilsner special?

While "Lager" is a broad category that includes dark, heavy beers like Bocks, a Pilsner is a very specific style of pale lager.

It was born in 1842 in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It is defined by its brilliant clarity, golden color, and a more aggressive use of hops (traditionally Saaz hops). If a standard lager is "smooth," a pilsner is "snappy"—it has a floral aroma and a refreshing, bitter finish that cuts right through.

#1 best selling beer in Hong Kong


「台灣啤酒」(台啤)系列,根據它的釀造工藝和風味,基本上都屬於 Lager 這個大家族。

不過,隨著你選的經典款、金牌或生啤酒,它在子分類上會有一些很有趣的細別:

1. 經典台灣啤酒(黑標 / Brown Bottle)

  • 分類:American Adjunct Lager

  • 特點: 這是最傳統的台啤。它在釀造時,除了使用大麥芽外,還加入了台灣在地的蓬萊米(比例大約佔了 30%)。

  • 為什麼這樣歸類: 這種加入大米或玉米等「輔料(Adjuncts)」來降低大麥濃稠感的做法,跟 CoronaBudweiser 的概念非常接近。這會讓啤酒的口感變得格外乾爽、清脆,非常適合台灣炎熱的小吃攤或熱炒店。

2. 金牌台灣啤酒

  • 分類:Premium Lager

  • 特點: 為了跟經典款做出區隔,金牌降低了蓬萊米的比例,並提升了進口芳香啤酒花(Hops)與大麥芽的份量。

  • 風味差異: 它依然是清爽的拉格,但比起經典款,金牌喝起來的麥芽甜味更明顯,啤酒花的苦味也更低、更滑順,所以被歸在 Premium Lager。

3. 18天台灣生啤酒

  • 分類:未經殺菌的淡拉格(Unpasteurized Pale Lager)

  • 特點: 同樣是拉格酵母底層低溫發酵,但它最大的不同在於完全沒有經過高溫殺菌(Pasteurization)

  • 風味差異: 因為保留了活酵母,它的新鮮度跟清爽感直接拉滿,麥香也最純粹。但也因為沒殺菌,它必須全程冷藏,而且賞味期只有短短 18 天。

4. Sapporo Beer(三寶樂啤酒)

日本歷史最悠久的啤酒品牌 Sapporo Premium Beer,跟台啤一樣屬於 Lager家族。

  • 詳細分類:國際淡拉格(International Pale Lager)/ 日式稻米拉格(Japanese Rice Lager)

  • 風味特點: 它在釀造過程中跟台啤、Corona 類似,除了大麥外,也加入了大米(Rice)作為輔料。

  • 與台啤的差異: 日式拉格非常追求「辛口(Asahi最明顯)」或「極致乾爽與純淨(Clean & Crisp)」。Sapporo 喝起來泡沫非常綿密,麥香比經典台啤稍厚一點點,但收尾極度乾淨,完全沒有雜味,這也是為什麼它跟壽司、燒肉或居酒屋料理是絕配。


總結

如果拿前面提到的商業啤酒來類比:

  • 經典台啤的釀造邏輯比較接近 Corona(都用了大米/玉米等輔料來追求極致乾爽)。

  • 金牌台啤則比較接近 HeinekenStella Artois 這類追求麥芽與啤酒花平衡的優質淡拉格。

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